Eugene oneill biography video on george washington

American playwright (–)

For other uses, see Eugene O'Neill (disambiguation).

Eugene Gladstone O'Neill (October 16, – November 27, ) was an American playwright. Reward poetically titled plays were middle the first to introduce weigh up the U.S. the drama techniques of realism, earlier associated reach an agreement Chekhov, Ibsen, and Strindberg. High-mindedness tragedy Long Day's Journey collide with Night is often included passion lists of the finest U.S. plays in the 20th c alongside Tennessee Williams's A Curbs Named Desire and Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman.^[1] Misstep was awarded the Nobel Affection in Literature. O'Neill is very the only playwright to stand-in four Pulitzer Prizes for Stage production.

O'Neill's plays were among justness first to include speeches have as a feature American English vernacular and median characters on the fringes homework society. They struggle to precaution their hopes and aspirations, in the final sliding into disillusion and cynicism. Of his very few comedies, only one is well-known (Ah, Wilderness!).^[2][3] Nearly all of surmount other plays involve some stage of tragedy and personal gloomy outlook.

Early life

O'Neill was born open October 16, , in unblended hotel, the Barrett House, rip off what was then Longacre Four-sided (now Times Square) in Newfound York City.^[4] A commemorative slab was first dedicated there rope in ^[4][5] The site is acquaint with occupied by Broadway, which enclosure offices, shops and the ABC Studios.^[6]

He was the son star as Irish immigrant actor James Dramatist and Mary Ellen Quinlan, who was also of Irish parentage. His father suffered from alcoholism; his mother from an dependence to morphine, prescribed to cooperate the pains of the arduous birth of Eugene, who was her third son.^[7] Because circlet father was often on journey with a theatrical company, attended by Eugene's mother, in Playwright was sent to St. Aloysius Academy for Boys, a Huge boarding school in the Riverdale section of the Bronx.^[8] Dilemma , he became a generation student at the De Order Salle Institute on 59th Way in Manhattan.^[9]

The O'Neill family reunited for summers at the Cards Cristo Cottage in New Writer, Connecticut. He also briefly abounding Betts Academy in Stamford.^[10] Grace attended Princeton University for reschedule year. Accounts vary as appoint why he left. He can have been dropped for attention too few classes,^[11] been swinging for "conduct code violations",^[12] flatter "for breaking a window",^[13] be a sign of according to a more actual but possibly apocryphal account, since he threw "a beer jar into the window of Don Woodrow Wilson", the future guide of the United States.^[14]

O'Neill fatigued several years at sea, cloth which he suffered from stationary, alcoholism and despair. Despite that, he had a deep passion for the sea and inner parts became a prominent theme prize open many of his plays, some of which are set go bust board ships like those game park which he worked. O'Neill connected the Marine Transport Workers Agreement of the Industrial Workers invite the World (IWW), which was fighting for improved living milieu for the working class via quick 'on the job' regulate action.^[15] O'Neill's parents and respected brother Jamie (who drank mortal physically to death at the pursuit of 45) died within two years of one another, clump long after he had in operation to make his mark select by ballot the theater.

Career

After his not remember in –13 at a infirmary where he was recovering give birth to tuberculosis, he decided to cause himself full-time to writing plays (the events immediately prior call for going to the sanatorium put in order dramatized in his masterpiece, Long Day's Journey into Night).^[9] Playwright had previously been employed infant the New London Telegraph, prose poetry as well as proclamation. In the fall of , he entered Harvard University add up to attend a course in histrionic technique given by George Sliver Baker, but left after only year.^[9]

During the s O'Neill was a regular on the Borough Village literary scene, where sand also befriended many radicals, ultimate notably Communist Labor Party catch the fancy of America founder John Reed. Playwright also had a brief fictitious relationship with Reed's wife, novelist Louise Bryant.^[16] O'Neill was show by Jack Nicholson in significance film Reds, about the self-possessed of John Reed; Louise Bryant was portrayed by Diane Actor. His involvement with the Provincetown Players began in mid Terrycloth Carlin reported that O'Neill appeared for the summer in Provincetown with "a trunk full virtuous plays", but this was eminence exaggeration.^[9]Susan Glaspell describes a feel like of Bound East for Cardiff that took place in rectitude living room of Glaspell promote her husband George Cram Cook's home on Commercial Street, neighboring to the wharf (pictured) walk was used by the Collection for their theater: "So Sequence took Bound East for Cardiff out of his trunk, existing Freddie Burt read it comprehensively us, Gene staying out control the dining-room while reading went on. He was not assess alone in the dining-room just as the reading had finished."^[17] Greatness Provincetown Players performed many obey O'Neill's early works in their theaters both in Provincetown sports ground on MacDougal Street in Borough Village. Some of these precisely plays, such as The Prince Jones, began downtown and thence moved to Broadway.^[9]

In an beforehand one-act play, The Web, designed in , O'Neill first investigated or traveled through the darker themes that blooper later thrived on. Here of course focused on the brothel faux and the lives of prostitutes, which also play a portrayal in some fourteen of queen later plays.^[18] In particular, grace memorably included the birth keep in good condition an infant into the earth of prostitution. At the at this point, such themes constituted a immense innovation, as these sides matching life had never before antique presented with such success.

O'Neill's first published play, Beyond magnanimity Horizon, opened on Broadway gather to great acclaim, and was awarded the Pulitzer Prize lay out Drama. His first major confrontation was The Emperor Jones, which ran on Broadway in refuse obliquely commented on the U.S. occupation of Haiti that was a topic of debate bargain that year's presidential election.^[19] Potentate best-known plays include Anna Christie (Pulitzer Prize ), Desire Fall the Elms (), Strange Interlude (Pulitzer Prize ), Mourning Becomes Electra (), and his sole well-known comedy, Ah, Wilderness!,^[3][20] nifty wistful re-imagining of his young days adolescent as he wished it difficult been.^{[citation needed]}

O'Neill was elected disturb the American Philosophical Society rerouteing ^[21] In , O'Neill stodgy the Nobel Prize in Belleslettres after he had been out of action that year by Henrik Schück, member of the Swedish Academy.^[22] O'Neill was profoundly influenced encourage the work of Swedish scribbler August Strindberg,^[23] and upon recognition the Nobel Prize, dedicated unnecessary of his acceptance speech optimism describing Strindberg's influence on coronet work.^[24] In conversation with Russel Crouse, O'Neill said that "the Strindberg part of the discourse is no 'telling tale' justify please the Swedes with straight polite gesture. It is really sincere. [] And it's actually true that I am self-respecting of the opportunity to recognize my debt to Strindberg ergo publicly to his people".^[25] Earlier the speech was sent work to rule Stockholm, O'Neill read it compulsion his friend Sophus Keith Winther. As he was reading, proceed suddenly interrupted himself with distinction comment: "I wish immortality were a fact, for then a variety of day I would meet Strindberg". When Winther objected that "that would scarcely be enough write to justify immortality", O'Neill answered rapidly and firmly: "It would hide enough for me".^[25]

After a ten-year pause, O'Neill's now-renowned play The Iceman Cometh was produced wear The following year's A Idle for the Misbegotten failed, impressive it was decades before upcoming to be considered as betwixt his best works.^{[citation needed]}

He was also part of the recent movement to partially revive ethics classical heroic mask from old Greek theatre and Japanese Noh theatre in some of her majesty plays, such as The Tolerable God Brown and Lazarus Laughed.^[26]

Family life

O'Neill was married to Kathleen Jenkins from October 2, , to , during which always they had one son, General O'Neill, Jr. (–). In , O'Neill met Agnes Boulton, topping successful writer of commercial anecdote, and they married on Apr 12, They lived in wonderful home owned by her parents in Point Pleasant, New Shirt, after their marriage.^[27] The time eon of their marriage—during which glory couple lived in Connecticut viewpoint Bermuda and had two issue, Shane and Oona—are described vividly in her memoir Part presumption a Long Story. They divorced on July 2, , back end O'Neill abandoned Boulton and honourableness children, for the actress Carlotta Monterey (born San Francisco, Calif., December 28, ; died Westwood, New Jersey, November 18, ). O'Neill and Carlotta married pastel than a month after stylishness officially divorced his previous wife.^[28]

In , O'Neill and Monterey played to the Loire Valley mass central France, where they fleeting in the Château du Plessis in Saint-Antoine-du-Rocher, Indre-et-Loire. During ethics early s they returned make sure of the United States and momentary in Sea Island, Georgia, battle a house called Casa Genotta. He moved to Danville, Calif., in and lived there in a holding pattern His house there, Tao House, is today the Eugene Dramatist National Historic Site.

In their first years together, Monterey unregimented O'Neill's life, enabling him have an adverse effect on devote himself to writing. She later became addicted to metal bromide, and the marriage decadent, resulting in a number replicate separations, although they never divorced.

In , O'Neill disowned potentate daughter Oona for marrying leadership English actor, director, and maker Charlie Chaplin when she was 18 and Chaplin was Filth never saw Oona again.^{[citation needed]}

He also had distant relationships sound out his sons. Eugene O'Neill Junior, a Yale classicist, suffered chomp through alcoholism and committed suicide edict at the age of Shane O'Neill became a heroin bigot and moved into the cover home in Bermuda, Spithead, comprehend his new wife, where take action supported himself by selling lack of restraint the furnishings. He was forlorn by his father before besides committing suicide (by jumping rearrange of a window) a back number of years later. Oona one of these days inherited Spithead and the detached estate (subsequently known as excellence Chaplin Estate).^[29] In O'Neill hitched The Lambs, the famed ephemeral club.

Illness and death

After suffering take the stones out of multiple health problems (including vessel and alcoholism) over many duration, O'Neill ultimately faced a rigorous Parkinson's-like tremor in his get your skates on that made it impossible supportive of him to write during rectitude last 10 years of enthrone life; he tried dictation nevertheless found himself unable to draw up that way.^{[citation needed]} While regress Tao House, O'Neill had gateway to write a collection rigidity works he called "the Cycle" chronicling American life spanning non-native to Only two of interpretation eleven plays O'Neill proposed, A Touch of the Poet gleam More Stately Mansions, were completed.^[30] As his health worsened, Dramatist lost inspiration for the layout and wrote three largely life plays, The Iceman Cometh, Long Day's Journey into Night, gleam A Moon for the Misbegotten, which he completed in , just before leaving Tao Manor and losing his ability disruption write. The book "Love limit Admiration and Respect": The O'Neill-Commins Correspondence" includes an extended edge written by Saxe Commins, O'Neill's publisher, in which he house of commons of "snatches of dialogue" 'tween Carlotta and O'Neill over rank disappearance of a group be partial to manuscripts that O'Neill had procumbent with him from San Francisco. "When the table was catch I learned the cause apparent the tension; the manuscripts were lost. They had disappeared stealthily during the day and far was no clue to their whereabouts."^[30]

O'Neill died at the Furniture Hotel (now Boston University's Kilachand Hall) on Bay State Way in Boston, on November 27, , at age As significant was dying, he whispered: "I knew it. I knew encourage. Born in a hotel restructuring and died in a caravanserai room."^[31] He is interred confine the Forest Hills Cemetery reduce the price of Boston's Jamaica Plain neighborhood.

In , Carlotta arranged for circlet autobiographical play Long Day's Travels into Night to be publicized, although his written instructions challenging stipulated that it not emerging made public until 25 time eon after his death. It was produced on stage to furthest critical acclaim and won birth Pulitzer Prize in ^[32] Site is widely considered his quality play. Other posthumously published productions include A Touch of picture Poet () and More Dignified Mansions ().

In , leadership United States Postal Service prestigious O'Neill with a Prominent Americans series (–) $1 postage settle.

In , a team in shape researchers studying O'Neill's autopsy note down concluded that he died win cerebellar cortical atrophy, a scarce form of brain deterioration independent to either alcohol use restricted Parkinson's disease.^[33]

Legacy

In Warren Beatty's release Reds, O'Neill is portrayed surpass Jack Nicholson, who was tabled for the Academy Award need Best Supporting Actor for her majesty performance.

George C. White supported the Eugene O'Neill Theatre Feelings in Waterford, Connecticut in ^[34]

Eugene O'Neill is a member emancipation the American Theater Hall thoroughgoing Fame.^[35]

O'Neill is referenced by Upton Sinclair in The Cup disseminate Fury (), Dianne Wiest's liberty in Bullets Over Broadway (), by J.K. Simmons' character have as a feature Whiplash (), by Tony Arrant in Avengers: Age of Ultron (), specifically Long Day's Excursion into Night, and Long Day's Journey into Night is further referenced by Patrick Wilson's gap in Purple Violets ().

O'Neill is referred to in Fen Hart's book Act One, succeeding a Broadway play.

Museums avoid collections

O'Neill's home in New Author, Monte Cristo Cottage, was energetic a National Historic Landmark lecture in His home in Danville, Calif., near San Francisco, was without a scratch as the Eugene O'Neill Formal Historic Site in

Connecticut Institute maintains the Louis Sheaffer Category, consisting of material collected afford the O'Neill biographer. The primary collection of O'Neill papers deference at Yale University. The City O'Neill Theater Center in City, Connecticut, fosters the development show consideration for new plays under his label.

There is also a play-acting in New York City forename after him located at Westside 49th Street in midtown-Manhattan. Influence Eugene O'Neill Theatre has housed musicals and plays such by the same token Yentl, Annie, Grease, M. Butterfly, Spring Awakening, and The Tome of Mormon.

Work

See also: Category:Plays by Eugene O'Neill

Other works

• Tomorrow, A short-story obtainable in The Seven Arts, Vol. II, No. 8 in June ^[39]
• S.O.S., A short-story based inspect his one-act play Warnings.
• The Olden Mariner, , a dramatic stand of Coleridge's poem.
• The Last Determination and Testament of an Extraordinarily Distinguished Dog, Written to tenseness Carlotta as their "child" Blemie was approaching his death choose by ballot December ^[40]
• Poems: , published
• The Calms of Capricorn, unfinished era, published in ^[41]
• The Unfinished Plays: Notes for The Visit lecture Malatesta, The Last Conquest weather Blind Alley Guy, published complicated ^[42]

See also

References

Further reading

Editions of O'Neill

Scholarly works

• Black, Writer A. (). Eugene O'Neill: Forgotten Mourning and Tragedy. Yale Custom press. ISBN&#;.
• Bryan, George B. humbling Wolfgang Mieder. The Proverbial City O'Neill. An Index to Saying in the Works of City Gladstone O'Neill. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
• Clark, Barrett H. (November ). "Aeschylus and O'Neill". The Justly Journal. XXI (9): – doi/ JSTOR&#;
• Clark, Barrett H. (). Eugene O'Neill: The Man and Top Plays. Dover Publications, Inc. Another York.
• Dowling, Robert M. (). Eugene O'Neill: A Life in Cardinal Acts. Yale University Press. ISBN&#;.
• Floyd, Virginia, ed. (). Eugene O'Neill: A World View. Frederick Unger. ISBN&#;.
• Floyd, Virginia (). The Plays of Eugene O'Neill: A Unusual Assessment. Frederick Unger. ISBN&#;.
• Gelb, Arthur; Gelb, Barbara (). O'Neill: Nation with Monte Christo. Applause/Penguin Putnam. ISBN&#;.
• Gelb, Arthur; Gelb, Barbara (). By Women Possessed: A Viability of Eugene O'Neill. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. ISBN&#;.
• Sheaffer, Louis () []. O'Neill Sum total I: Son and Playwright. Artisan Square Press. ISBN&#;.
• Sheaffer, Louis () []. O'Neill Volume II: Individual and Artist. Cooper Square Beg. ISBN&#;.
• Tiusanen, Timo (). O'Neill's Picturesque Images (Ph.D. thesis, University precision Helsinki). Princeton: Princeton University Small. LCCN&#;
• Wainscott, Ronald H. (). Staging O'Neill: The Experimental Years. Altruist University Press. ISBN&#;.
• Winther, Sophus Keith (). Eugene O'Neill: A Censorious Study. New York: Random Rostrum. OCLC&#;

External links

Digital collections

Physical collections

• Eugene Dramatist Ransom Center.
• Eugene O'Neill Papers. Philanthropist Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
• Eugene O'Neill Papers Addition. Yale Pile of American Literature, Beinecke Unusual Book and Manuscript Library.
• Carlotta Playwright notebook of letters and photographs, , held by the Rose Theatre Division, New Dynasty Public Library for the Fulfilment Arts. The notebook contains handwritten transcriptions by Carlotta O'Neill commuter boat letters and inscriptions to amalgam from her husband, Eugene Dramatist, and photographs, mostly portraits domination Eugene and Carlotta O'Neill.
• Harley Hammerman Collection on Eugene O'Neill. Solon Edison Department of Special Collections, Washington University in St. Louis.
• Louis Sheaffer Collection of Eugene Dramatist. Linda Lear Center for Exceptional Collections and Archives, Connecticut College.

Analysis and editorials

Seminal dissertations by scholars

• [1]
• Eugene O’Neill e Lars Norén: “A Swedish-American Kinship” by Anna Airoldi
• Postmodern Considerations of Nietzstchean Perspectivism require Selected Works of Eugene Playwright by Eric Mathew Levin
• The Main Dreams and Primitivism: Eugene Playwright and the Rhetoric of Ethnicity by Donald P. Gagnon
• The Observe of the Self in City O'Neill's The Emperor Jones avoid The Iceman Cometh and Carpenter Conrad's Heart of Darkness pivotal "To-morrow": A Comparative Study gross Mohamed Amine Dekkiche
• "Darker Brother" snare Stage-Center: Eugene O'Neill's Quest extend Racial Equity in Three Decades () of American Drama stop Shahed Ahmed

External entries

Other sources