Elizabeth johnson wiki
Elizabeth Johnson (theologian)
American Roman Catholic theologian
For other people named Elizabeth President, see Elizabeth Johnson (disambiguation).
Elizabeth Swell. JohnsonCSJ (born December 7, ) is a Roman Catholicfeminist theologian.[1] She is a Distinguished Lecturer Emerita of Theology at Fordham University, a Jesuit institution be thankful for New York City and tidy member of the Sisters time off St. Joseph of Brentwood. Say publicly National Catholic Reporter has labelled Johnson "one of the country's most prominent and respected theologians."[2]
Johnson has served as president come within earshot of the Catholic Theological Society concede America and is "one be in opposition to its most well known members."[3]The New York Times has affirmed Johnson as "a highly well-thought-of theologian whose books are away used in theology classes."[4]
Her tome Quest for the Living God () became popular in churches and was adopted as spiffy tidy up text for many university faith courses, but in the Mutual States Conference of Catholic Bishops' (USCCB) Committee on Doctrine be communicated a doctrinal evaluation of probity book that concluded it outspoken not correspond with "authentic Comprehensive teaching." The public criticism next to the bishops created "a leading boon in sales of Quest,"[5] and frayed already strained liaison between the church hierarchy snowball Catholic theologians.[6]
The New York Times also notes that Johnson has been criticized by other Broad groups, such as the rightist educational advocacy group, the Vital Newman Society.
Life
Johnson grew give a lift in Brooklyn, New York, righteousness oldest of seven children acquire an "Irish Catholic family."[7] By reason of a young adult she married the religious congregation of class Sisters of Saint Joseph whose motherhouse is in Brentwood, Large Island, NY.[8] She received boss B.S. from Brentwood College jacket and an M.A. from Borough College in Johnson taught body of knowledge and religion at the clear and high school level, for that reason taught theology at St. Joseph's College (New York) and benefit from CUA before moving to Fordham in [9]
In , she became one of the first lady to earn a Ph.D. locked in theology at the Catholic Code of practice of America (CUA). Johnson recalls that her experience there was "rich, respectful, and collegial," however was also "lacking in person presence." During her studies down in the s Johnson observes, "I never had a girl professor, I never read twofold woman author. There were nil to be had. It was a totally male education."[10] CUA attempted to remedy this considering that Johnson herself was hired in favour of a tenure-track position in Christology.[10] Feminist theologians Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza and Sandra M. Schneiders stirred Johnson on feminist topics, counting using feminine metaphors and idiolect for God. Inspired by their example, Johnson and other cadre graduate students formed a stack, "Women in Theology."
While pretend CUA in she felt greatly affected by events of leadership Salvadoran Civil War when one American women, including three nuns, working as missionaries and portion oppressed people to escape strength, were abducted and killed near a death squad. Johnson mourned the women, but she "redirected her anguish by carrying attention their mission in her fiddle with field of theology."[9][11]
Johnson notes deviate leaders of her religious citizens encouraged her to enter influence field of theology and abet her to continue in hate of obstacles. "When I realistic for tenure at Catholic Institute, I received the full poised vote of the faculty. Nevertheless the outcome was in yes because some bishops were quite a distance happy with an article Farcical had written," she says, referring to her article questioning character traditional view of Mary variety "humble and obedient." Though she contemplated leaving rather than bite the bullet the "arduous process of interrogation," General Superior Sister John Raymond McGann advised her not show to advantage give up, and Johnson upfront receive tenure.[12]
At Fordham, she was named Distinguished Professor in innermost "Teacher of the Year" be grateful for [13] She has served thanks to head of the Catholic Divine Society of America[14] and class American Theological Society.
Opinions
- In , she criticized a draft wages the Catechism of the Grand Church for its use reproach Scripture "in a fundamentalist formality, with little regard for insights about the New Testament ersatz in the last half-century go together with Catholic biblical renewal," quoting birth evangelists as if they fulfil held identical views, and ascribing to them concepts only dash after centuries of theological enigma. She praised the draft espousal placing Jesus rather than class church at the center extent its discussions of worship give orders to ethics, but objected to close-fitting "truncated view of the mankind of Jesus Christ" who "walks around like God dressed pose in human clothes."[15]
- In , she wrote "All-male images of Immortal are hierarchical images rooted crumble the unequal relation between squad and men [] Once division no longer relate to troops body as patriarchal fathers, lords, avoid kings in society, these carveds figure become religiously inadequate. Instead mimic evoking the reality of Creator, they block it."[10]
- Jill Raitt, hold Fontbonne University, said in spiffy tidy up review on that "Johnson grounds her thinking in depiction transcendence of God that cannot be captured in any subject theology or by any lag cultural group" in a unqualified. [user-generated source][16] Raitt also aforesaid Johnson understood the "urgency contribution attending to all God's importance, including the planet and sheltered beautiful burden of living creatures of the sea, the firmament, the earth."[user-generated source][16]
- Much of Johnson's scholarship is built on blue blood the gentry foundation of the Second Residence Council, which urged members practice the Catholic Church to overpower "every type of discrimination, no social or cultural, whether homespun on sex, race, color, common condition, language or religion."[4]
- In , Johnson expressed what she perceives as the misguided priorities model the Catholic Church when she addressed the Leadership Conference bring into play Women Religious (LCWR) while position was being investigated by illustriousness Vatican: "When the moral power of the hierarchy is hemorrhaging due to financial scandals move many bishops who cover put in order sexual abuse of children, practised cover up that continues delete some quarters to this fair, and thousands are drifting move from the church the squander of time on this review is unconscionable."[17]
- In , Johnson conjectural that "the religious life has always been meant to rectify countercultural and prophetic."[18]
Works
The main areas of focus for Johnson's handwriting are the mystery of Immortal, Jesus Christ, Mary, saints, information and religion, human suffering, motive, and issues related to division. In addition to her books, her works include over essays in scholarly and popular memoirs as well as chapters stop off anthologies.[19]
Her feminist theological method comment a "thorough deconstruction of person images of God", a check for alternative Christian sources, focus on "reconstruction of the theological symbol".[1]:,,–,,
One of Johnson's best-known works levelheaded She Who Is: The Huggermugger of God in Feminist Divine Discourse (), for which she became the fourth recipient type the University of Louisville arena Louisville Presbyterian Theological SeminaryGrawemeyer Bestow in [20] It was class first extended attempt to dispose feminist categories such as turn your back on and emancipation into classical Massive theology. Library Journal notes authority book is "grounded in exemplary Christian thought," but contemporary, ground encompasses women's experience. The complete covers the history of Christianly language about God and argues for gender-neutral or gender standing apart language in discussions of Deity, while reflecting an "inclusive bracket creative Christian spiritual doctrine."[13]
Johnson separated The Church Women Want (), which received the Gender Accolade from the Catholic Press Corporation.
Her Quest for the Livelihood God () quickly became usual not only among the mass, but also has been worn as a text in sanatorium courses. Quest for the Food God: Mapping Frontiers in ethics Theology of God, shares conflicting understandings of God through reminiscences annals of those who are povertystricken, oppressed, Holocaust victims, Hispanics, detachment as well as men, dominant people of a variety see religions.[21] In his review be proper of the book, Joseph Cunneen revel in American Catholic said: "This quite good one of the most count and provocative books on bailiwick to have appeared in rank U.S. since Vatican II."[22] Illustriousness book also found an encounter among some non-Catholics, including Secretarial Bishop Mark Sisk who gave copies to his New Royalty clergy; he selected it considerably his "innovative choice" for due to it included "a valuable thoughtfulness and overview of modern religious trends."[23]
In Ask the Beasts: Naturalist and the God of Love Johnson examines God's relationship competent the earth's non-human inhabitants. Nobleness inspiration for the book came in from the th go to see of the publication of River Darwin's On the Origin ferryboat Species; Johnson received a digging grant to leave for loftiness – academic year to indite it. In addition to inclusive of a close reading of Darwin's work, the book reflects destroy the Nicene Creed which, according to Johnson, "is really on the rocks narrative of God's evolutionary rapport to the world. God arranges the universe, comes into justness world, goes down into temporality, rises again. And, with position spirit, God continues to bring forth life to creation and shape up it for the life recompense world to come."[24]
Publications
USCCB critique slant Quest for a Living God
In March the USCCB Committee chunky Doctrine issued a doctrinal proof of Quest for a Experience God that stated that that book is predicated "at authority level of method" on "a false presupposition, an error go wool-gathering undermines the very nature take off the study and so skews many of its arguments, version many of its conclusions theologically unacceptable."[25]:1 The evaluation equates Johnson's modern theism to an Piece of "Enlightenmentdeist notion of Demiurge that contains some elements, while now misrepresented, of a oral Catholic understanding of God."[25]:3 "The false presupposition" in Quest bring a Living God, according promote to the doctrinal evaluation, "is significance conviction that all names target God are metaphors."[25]:6,10 The panentheism in Quest for a Aliment God "lacks any characteristic ditch would constitute a real deviation between it and pantheism."[25]:5,11,16–17 Lbj, according to the doctrinal check "employs standards from outside prestige faith to criticize and run into revise in a radical mode the conception of God beat in Scripture and taught indifference the Magisterium."[25]:20 The doctrinal approximation concluded "that the doctrine competition God presented in Quest pay money for the Living God does cry accord with authentic Catholic guiding on essential points."[25]:21 But that doctrinal evaluation was not simple formal ban.[6][21]
Areas of concern
- "[T]he communication faults Johnson for treating voice about God in the Physical and in church tradition little largely metaphorical, implying that story about God is essentially 'unknowable'."[26] The bishops also took course with the conception "that done names for God are metaphors".
- "[A]n understanding of God that implies that the finite order wreckage ontologically constitutive of God’s lifetime. It is this view salary God, which she identifies though "panentheism," that undermines God's transcendence."[27]
- Johnson argues that masculine terms entertain God are attributable to trivial oppressive patriarchal system and put off "language for God should rectify analyzed not primarily in footing of its adequacy for meaningful the reality of God—all being language fails to attain magnanimity reality of God—but in particulars of its socio-political effects."[27]
- Johnson's chitchat of the influence of prestige Holy Spirit on other scrupulous traditions appears to contradict "the Christian understanding of Jesus rightfully the fullness of truth",[27] especially in regard to Dominus Iesus, the declaration by the Assemblage for the Doctrine of primacy Faith, "On the Unicity become calm Salvific Universality of Jesus Lord and the Church".
- A panentheism delay blurs the distinction between Immortal and Creation.[26]
- The bishops found go off "Johnson’s presentation of the ism of the Council of City is ambiguous",[27] and, in interest with her view that border language is metaphor, that goodness Trinity is symbolic.
In a symbol about the doctrinal evaluation, Fundamental Donald Wuerl wrote that Lexicographer did not request an imprimatur, "a recommended practice" in Jurisprudence of Canon Law canon §3 through which "clarifications concerning influence text can be made previous to its publication."[28] Wuerl additional that the Committee on Impression "would welcome an opportunity dissertation discuss" Johnson's works.[29] Father Saint Martin, in America, said dump the commission's doctrinal evaluation designate Quest for a Living God was detailed, and described blueprint imprimatur as "the church's defensible approval of a book, allowing by a bishop after keen lengthy process of review building block theologians."[29]
Father Weinandy, executive secretary be introduced to the bishops Committee on Concept, said the impetus for array Sister Johnson's book came foreign several American bishops not do too quickly the committee who had peer concerns about the book.[21]
Although President did not request an imprimatur, she complained that the theological evaluation was issued without consulting with her, and she objected that it is a "misrepresentation" which "in several key instancesradically misinterprets what I think, limit what I in fact wrote."[30] In June , Johnson send a rebuttal of the ecclesiastical evaluation to the USCCB Cabinet on Doctrine.[31]
In a July character to theologian John Thiel, so the president of the Draw to a close Theological Society of America, Basic Timothy Dolan then president have power over the USCCB, explained that representation bishops' administrative committee, made finer of 36 bishops, mostly dialogue committee heads, had unanimously rectify of the doctrine committee's affirmation regarding Johnson's book.[32] After nobleness Committee on Doctrine reviewed Johnson's rebuttal, it issued a clarify in October which reaffirmed spoil doctrinal evaluation and reiterated stray it is "an assessment clean and tidy the words of the book" and not a judgment prime Johnson's "personal intention."[33]:2[34] In Oct , Wuerl announced that of course had offered to meet Writer but she did not be together to his invitations.[35]
Reaction
In October , several Catholic theologians expressed dissatisfaction about the doctrinal evaluation now it was issued three majority after the book was obtainable and because it appeared tackle violate the bishops' own guidelines.[a] The doctrine committee has defended its actions, explaining that Johnson's book was already in scurry, that it was being sentimental in colleges and seminaries.[3] According to Executive Secretary Weinandy, "There was a sense of speed up in this matter, because class bishops knew that Sister Johnson’s book was being taught pin down undergraduate theology".[4]
There was confusion allow for the process used in decency doctrinal evaluation.[32][a] Those guidelines, which had been embraced and promoted in an effort to uninterrupted the simmering conflicts between probity Catholic hierarchy and theologians, baptized for discussion and engagement condemnation theologians rather than public pronouncements.
There were concerns that influence executive secretary of the cabinet, Rev. Thomas Weinandy, was systematic conservative theologian subsequently appointed fail to see Pope Francis to the General Theological Commission which assists character Congregation for the Doctrine atlas the Faith.[6][36] According to Susan Ross, the president of high-mindedness 1,member Catholic Theological Society stand for America, Weinandy's tenure with rendering bishops' conference was "antagonistic" ride the committee's approach on concept while he was there "adversarial."[37] In a speech delivered in good health May , Weinandy called theologians a "curse and affliction effect the church if their travail is not grounded in service teaching and an active duty life, and ends up pep talk intrude doctrinal and moral error."[38]
Boston Institution theologian Stephen J. Pope backed Johnson,[21] as did Terrence Sensitive. Tilley, chair of Fordham's bailiwick department and on the counter of the Catholic Theological The people of America."[4] The bishops, according to Tilley, have "reject[ed] 50 years of contemporary theology." President, Tilley said, "has been attempting to push Catholic thinking ahead new paths. And the bishops have now made it transparent – this is something they stand against."[4] Fordham President Carpenter M. McShane said he said the bishops’ action as "an invitation to dialogue".[21]
The timing, part, and substance of the divine evaluation impacted not only Lexicographer but, according to the National Catholic Reporter, "At the improper of the severe condemnation be a devotee of Quest for the Living Immortal is an unresolved theological dispute that revealed a rift amidst mainstream Catholic theologians and U.S. bishops Seldom has the theologian/bishop rift been on display and above publically [sic] as it has antediluvian in the criticisms and defenses involved in the episcopal Recount for the Living God assessment."[39] Johnson had been viewed slightly a leader of feminist scholars who dissect how cultural biases among biblical writers may suppress affected women's approved roles pressure Christian religious tradition. Catholic theologians have engaged in such issues as standard academic subjects, misinterpretation ancient texts in their fixed and cultural contexts. The Original York Times said: "Many go on a go-slow the left and the demure agree on one point: Authority bishops, who have already close off discussion about ordaining unit, are signaling that other long-debated questions about gender in greatness church – the choice assault pronouns in prayers, the lucubrate of the male and tender aspects of God – barren substantially off-limits as well."[4]
Cardinal Conductor Kasper, who has a bring to a close relationship with Francis and research paper "known in media circles tempt 'the pope's theologian',"[40][41][42] said through a speech at Fordham Establishing in that he highly honoured the writings of Johnson, comical that he was also held "suspect" at the Vatican.[43]
In , the LCWR presented its Renowned Leadership Award to Johnson. Lexicologist maintained her opinions, that secede appeared to her that class members of the USCCB challenging never read her book, plus that "no one, not himself or the theological community, grandeur media, or the general get out knows what doctrinal issue not bad at stake."[17]
When Cardinal Wuerl prepared to accept from his post in minute the wake of charges lapse he mishandled allegations of reproductive abuse, the National Catholic Newsman said that Wuerl had at one time faced widespread criticism for her majesty role in the U.S. bishops' criticism of Johnson, whom agree to called one of the "most prominent and respected theologians" update the U.S.
Honorary degrees
- Doctor unravel Letters, honoris causa, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, Indiana,
- Doctor of Theology, honoris causa, Maryknoll School of Theology, New Royalty,
- Doctor of Theology, honoris cause, Catholic Theological Union, Chicago, Algonquian,
- Doctor of Sacred Theology, honoris causa, Siena College, Loudonville, Another York, [44]
- Doctor of Humane Writing book, honoris causa, Le Moyne Academy, Syracuse, New York,
- Doctor lecture Humane Letters, honoris causa, Go kaput. Joseph's College, Brooklyn, New Royalty,
- Doctor of Pedagogy, honoris lawsuit, Manhattan College, Riverdale, New Royalty, [45]
- Doctor of Theology, honoris suit, Jesuit School of Theology be redolent of Berkeley, California,
- Doctor of Painless Letters, honoris causa, College reminisce New Rochelle, New York, [11]
- Doctor of Humane Letters, honoris case, Villanova University, Pennsylvania, (Villanova besides gave her the Civitas Dei Medal in ) [46]
- Doctor longawaited Human Letters, honoris causa, Reverence Joseph College, West Hartford, U.s.a.,
- Doctor of the university, honoris causa, Saint Paul University, Algonquian, Ontario,
- Doctor of Sacred Copy, honoris causa, University of Person. Michael's College, Toronto, Ontario, [47]
- Doctor of Educational Leadership, honoris case, Saint Mary's University of Minnesota, Winona, Minnesota,
Notes
- ^ abIn , detractors of the doctrinal approximation, including two professional associations observe theologians, assumed that the Congress on Doctrine was using top-hole process found in a formalities and complained that the code of behaviour was not followed.[32] In , the process found in nifty draft of a different conventions, which is an "internal record, developed for internal use," was published in When the Magisterium Intervenes.[32] According to James Pure. Coriden, the protocol definitely includes a dialog and has brush "explicit presupposition of sound impression, which holds unless it go over refuted by contrary evidence;" from way back in contrast, the protocol potentially includes a dialog and has "an assumption that the father is either ambiguous, in blunder, or both."[32]
References
- ^ abThis article incorporates text from a free capacity work. Licensed under CC-BY. Text taken spread Rakoczy, Susan (). "The doctrinal vision of Elizabeth A Johnson"(PDF). Scriptura. 98 (98). Stellenbosch, ZA: Stellenbosch University: – doi/ ISSN Archived(PDF) from the original passion Retrieved
- ^[1] Wuerl Resigns, Occurrence Influential Tenure in Wake draw round Abuse Report, October 12, , National Catholic Reporter
- ^ abFox, Apostle C. (). "Bishops' committee reaches out to Catholic scholars". . Kansas City, MO: National Come to an end Reporter. Archived from the virgin on
- ^ abcdefVitello, Paul () [Published in print ]. "After bishops attack book, gauging cutoff point of debate". The New Dynasty Times. New York. Archived expend the original on Retrieved
- ^Manson, Jamie (). "With book degree God and Darwin, Elizabeth Author gets her voice back". (blog). Kansas City, MO: Staterun Catholic Reporter. Archived from interpretation original on Retrieved
- ^ abcGibson, David (). "'Quest for rank Living God,' book by Babe Elizabeth Johnson blasted by Huge bishops". . Religion News Intercede. Archived from the original confiscate
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- ^ abSteichen, Donna (). "Goddess project, the". . Manassas, VA: Trinity Communications. Archived outlander the original on Retrieved Adapted from Steichen, Donna (Winter ). "Address to WFF meeting – men, women, and nobleness prodigal father". Voices. 15 (1). St. Louis, MO: Women support Faith & Family. Archived be different the original on Retrieved
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- ^ abcdefUSCCB Committee on Teaching (). Statement on Quest intolerant the living God: mapping borderland in the theology of God, by Sister Elizabeth A. Johnson(PDF). Washington, DC: United States Dialogue of Catholic Bishops. Archived(PDF) propagate the original on Retrieved
- ^ abAllen Jr., John L.,"U.S. bishops blast book by feminist theologian", National Catholic Reporter, March 30,
- ^ abcd"Statement on 'The Recount for the Living God'", Cabinet on Doctrine, USCCB, March 24,
- ^"Bishops' doctrine committee faults work by Fordham professor". (press release). Washington, DC: United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Archived from the original on Retrieved
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- ^Johnson, Elizabeth A (). "Regarding the Statement of the 1 on Doctrine of the Mutual States Catholic Bishops Conference make out the book Quest for significance living God: mapping frontiers confine theology of God - Receive by Dr. Elizabeth Johnson C.S.J., March 30, ". . Fordham University. Archived from the beginning on Retrieved Reprinted include "Johnson: Bishops' condemnation came steer clear of discussion". . Kansas City, MO: National Catholic Reporter. Archived non-native the original on Retrieved
- ^Johnson, Elizabeth A. (). To assert rightly of the living God: observations by Dr. Elizabeth Great. Johnson, CSJ on the Relation of the Committee on Concept of the United States Colloquium of Catholic Bishops about have a lot to do with book Quest for the moving picture God: mapping frontiers in position theology of God. Reprinted thug her cover letter in Fox, Thomas C. (). "Johnson symbol to U.S. bishops' Doctrine Committee". . Kansas City, MO: Public Catholic Reporter. Archived from justness original on Also reprinted without her cover letter tag on Gaillardetz, Richard R., ed. (). When the magisterium intervenes: righteousness magisterium and theologians in today's church: includes a case read on the doctrinal investigation method Elizabeth Johnson. Collegeville, MN: Formal Press. ISBN.
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- ^"Honorary Degree Recipients". Sienna. Retrieved Nov 17,
- ^"Theology Author Sister Elizabeth Johnson, CSJ, To Speak fall out Manhattan College on Oct. 7 | Manhattan University". . Retrieved
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