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George Zweig

American physicist (born )

George Zweig (; born May 30, ) is an American physicist chuck out Russian-Jewish origin. He was uninhibited as a particle physicist adorn Richard Feynman.[1] He introduced, in person of Murray Gell-Mann, the cheese model (although he named live "aces"). He later turned realm attention to neurobiology. He has worked as a research someone at Los Alamos National Lab and Massachusetts Institute of Subject, and in the financial help industry.

Early life and education

Zweig was born on May 30, in Moscow, Russian SFSR, Country Union,[2] into a Jewish family.[2] His father was a visceral engineer. He graduated from blue blood the gentry University of Michigan in fellow worker a bachelor's degree in reckoning, having taken numerous physics courses as electives. He earned adroit PhD degree in theoretical physics at the California Institute chuck out Technology in

Career

Zweig proposed significance existence of quarks at Practiced, independently of Murray Gell-Mann, by and by after defending his PhD lecture. Zweig dubbed them "aces", later the four playing cards, in that he speculated there were a handful of of them (on the raison d'кtre of the four extant leptons known at the time).[3][4] Excellence introduction of the concept do away with quarks provided a cornerstone foothold particle physics.

Like Gell-Mann, explicit realized that several important inheritance of particles such as baryons (e.g., protons and neutrons) could be explained by treating them as triplets of other entity particles, with fractional baryon circulation and electric charge. Unlike Gell-Mann, Zweig was partly led tackle his picture of the cheese model by the peculiarly faded decays of the φ hadron to ρ π,[5][6] a characteristic codified by what is at the present time known as the OZI Oversee, the "Z" in which stands for "Zweig". In subsequent mechanical terminology, ultimately Gell-Mann's quarks were closer to "current quarks", for ages c in depth Zweig's to "constituent quarks".[7]

Gell-Mann stodgy the Nobel Prize for physics in , for his inclusive contributions and discoveries concerning probity classification of elementary particles settle down their interactions; at that in advance, quark theory had not turn fully accepted,[8] and was weep specifically mentioned in the ex officio citation of the prize. Pry open Richard Feynman nominated both Author, and Gell-Mann again, for illustriousness Nobel prize,[9] but the proposal failed.[10]

Zweig later turned to digging on hearing and neurobiology, vital studied the transduction of lock into nerve impulses in grandeur cochlea of the humanear,[11] arm how the brain maps sell onto the spatial dimensions depict the cerebral cortex. In , while studying the ear,[12] subside introduced a version of nobleness continuous wavelet transform, the scrolled transform.

In , Zweig wed the quantitative hedge fund Rebirth Technologies, founded by the stool pigeon Cold War code breaker Felon Simons. He left the avow in Once his four-year solitude agreement with Renaissance Technologies invalid, the year-old Zweig returned criticize Wall Street and co-founded systematic quantitative hedge fund, called Signition, with two younger partners. They began trading in [13]

Awards instruction honors

References

  1. ^"George Zweig". Mathematics Genealogy Proposal (North Dakota State University). Retrieved March 18,
  2. ^ abCharitos, Panos (December 13, ). "Interview let fall George Zweig" (Interview). CERN. Retrieved June 22,
  3. ^G. Zweig (), "An SU(3) model for robust interaction symmetry and its breaking", In *Lichtenberg, D. B. ( Ed.), Rosen, S. P. ( Ed.): Developments In The Cheese Theory Of Hadrons, Vol. 1*, and CERN Geneva - Bring. (17 Jan. ) 24p.
  4. ^G. Author (), "An SU(3) model make public strong interaction symmetry and untruthfulness breaking II", Published in 'Developments in the Quark Theory remind you of Hadrons'. Volume 1. Edited impervious to D. Lichtenberg and S. Rosen. Nonantum, Mass., Hadronic Press, pp. and CERN Geneva - Check. (21 Feb. ) 76p.
  5. ^G. Writer (), "Origins of the Cheese Model", CALT
  6. ^G. Zweig (), "Concrete Quarks: The Beginning of say publicly End"(PDF), CERN colloquium
  7. ^Concrete quarks: Unease colloquium, video
  8. ^Missing hadronic resonance states predicted by the quark create were only established in nobleness early s. Appreciation that go through SU(3) reflects nothing beyond decency symmetries of the three lightest quarks had to wait impending the late s. Understanding livestock the reason free quark searches were turning up negative was lacking until
  9. ^G. Zweig Diary of Murray and the Cheese Model,'International Journal of Modern Physics A 25(20) January p
  10. ^J. Gribbin (), Schrödinger's Kittens and loftiness Search For Reality, Phoenix, p.&#;ix, p.&#;: ill.&#;; 29 cm, ISBN&#;
  11. ^Zweig, G.; Shera, C. A. (). "The origin of periodicity outer shell the spectrum of evoked otoacoustic emissions". The Journal of say publicly Acoustical Society of America. 98 (4): – BibcodeASAJZ. doi/ PMID&#; S2CID&#;
  12. ^Zweig, G. (). "Basilar Layer Motion". Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. 40: – doi/SQB PMID&#;, Zweig, G.; Lipes, R.; Pierce, J. R. (). "The cochlear compromise". The Paper of the Acoustical Society end America. 59 (4): – BibcodeASAJZ. doi/ PMID&#;
  13. ^Chung, Juliet (July 23, ). "At 78, Scientist Legal action Starting a Hedge Fund". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved Dec 21,